Lumbar spondylosis, also called degenerative lumbar disc disease, refers to wear-and-tear changes in the lower back…

In certain patients with lumbar spine diseases, specifically those experiencing clinical or radiographic instability, surgical…

Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)—also known as lumbar spondylosis—is a condition in which the intervertebral discs…

Lumbar Canal Stenosis refers to narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back (lumbar spine).…

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a type of arthritis that affects children under the age of…

During anterior cervical spine surgery, the surgeon approaches the spine from the front of the neck…

A herniated disk in the lower back occurs when the soft inner portion of a spinal disk…

Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc (PIVD)—also called a herniated or slipped disc—occurs when the soft inner material of…

Spinal fractures occur when one or more vertebrae—the bones of the spine—break or collapse. These injuries…

Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition associated with disability and work absenteeism worldwide. The…